![]() ![]() Typically, substances like coal, pearl, opal, or obsidian that do not fit the definition of mineral are called mineraloids.Ī rock is a substance that contains one or more minerals or mineraloids. But once that clam shell undergoes burial, diagenesis, or other geological processes, then the calcite is considered a mineral. Because of these discrepancies, the International Mineralogical Association in 1985 amended the definition to: “A mineral is an element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological processes.” This means that the calcite in the shell of a clam is not considered a mineral. Calcite is quite often formed by organic processes, but is considered a mineral because it is widely found and geologically important. Both are considered minerals because they were classified before the room- temperature rule was accepted as part of the definition. For example, water and mercury are liquid at room temperature. Some natural substances technically should not be considered minerals, but are included by exception. In geology, the classic definition of a mineral is: 1) naturally occurring, 2) inorganic, 3) solid at room temperature, 4) regular crystal structure, and 5) defined chemical composition. The term “minerals” as used in nutrition labels and pharmaceutical products is not the same as a mineral in a geological sense. Identify minerals using physical properties and identification tables.List common non- silicate minerals in oxide, sulfide, sulfate, and carbonate groups.Describe the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron and how it forms common silicate minerals.Describe chemical bonding related to minerals.Derive basic atomic information from the Periodic Table of Elements.Describe the basic structure of the atom.By the end of this chapter, students should be able to: ![]()
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